Which topology describes a configuration where every site is connected to every other site directly?

• A. Hub-and-spoke topology
• B. Full-mesh topology
• C. Partial-mesh topology
• D. Star topology

Answer: (B)

Direct interconnection among all sites defines a full-mesh topology. In this setup, every site has its own direct link to every other site, so communications can go straight between any two locations without needing to hop through an intermediate device. That gives the shortest possible paths between pairs and strong fault tolerance, since there are multiple potential routes if a link or path fails. The trade-off is scalability and cost: the number of links grows quickly as more sites are added, making it expensive and complex to maintain.

Contrast this with a hub-and-spoke (star) layout, where all sites connect to a central hub and there aren’t direct connections between the leaves, so traffic between two outer sites must pass through the hub. Partial-mesh offers some direct connections but not every pair is directly linked, providing a middle ground in cost and redundancy.